The intersection of generative AI (Gen AI) and job seeking has garnered significant attention, with numerous tools available to help candidates with résumés, CVs, cover letters and interview preparation. Media coverage suggests widespread adoption, but actual prevalence isn’t that clear.
To move beyond the hype and establish a clearer picture of the use of Gen AI across the broad population of job seekers, PeopleScout commissioned YouGov to conduct a comprehensive survey of 1,000 members of the UK public who had changed jobs within the previous 12 months. Our new research report, The AI-Enabled Applicant: How Candidates Are Really Using Gen AI in Recruitment, aims to provide clarity on real usage patterns and to better understand the potential implications for recruitment—especially amongst concerns that candidates might use these technologies to misrepresent their skills and experiences.
This article is the first in a series exploring the data and grappling with the implications of Gen AI use amongst candidates. Read on for three key findings from our report.
1. Gen AI Usage Amongst Candidates Isn’t as Prevalent as You Might Think
While media narratives often portray Gen AI usage as nearly universal among job seekers, our research indicates a more measured reality. Our study reveals that fewer than one in five people (18%) who changed jobs in the UK in the last year used Gen AI at any point in their job search.
This is considerably lower than media reports have suggested, and it’s lower than we were expecting given Gen AI tools have been freely available since November 2022. This calls for a reality check on the hype.
It’s easy to see how employers could see media content—alongside indicators of Gen AI use in their own candidate pools—and overestimate the frequency of Gen AI-enhanced applications. However, at this point the evidence suggests that the vast majority of job seekers from the general population are not using Gen AI to assist their job search or applications.
2. Interviews Seem Safe…For Now
Just 9% of those using Gen AI at any point in the recruitment process used it to support their pre-recorded interviews. This was unexpectedly low, given the number using it to help with résumés, CVs and applications. It may be that its value in helping to prepare and practice for interviews is less well understood or harder to achieve. For example, Gen AI tools may need more sophisticated prompting to get high quality support for interview preparation.
For candidates who used Gen AI at some point and who had a live virtual interview as part of their selection process, only 8% used Gen AI to help with this but, significantly, almost half of this group disclosed that they had used it for live support during the interview. Live interviews were previously a protected space from Gen AI use, and although this is reported by just handful of job seekers, it clearly suggests that real-time assistance during live virtual interviews is happening—and we would assume this is likely to increase.
It isn’t evident from our survey exactly what type of live Gen AI assistance candidates were using, but newer Gen AI capabilities of ‘listening’ and responding in real time with a conversational style could allow candidates to deliver inauthentic answers without detection. This is something employers are likely to want to keep under observation and consider acting on, redesigning interview questions to make it harder to use Gen AI for deceptive purposes. Despite this, our survey indicates that this kind of potentially disruptive use is low amongst job changers and not a major cause for alarm at this point.
3. No One’s Talking About It
Perhaps most revealing for employers is that of those applicants who used Gen AI, only 38% would be willing to disclose their use to employers. The remaining 62% either wouldn’t disclose or are uncertain about whether they would—a concerning reality check for employers attempting to protect the integrity of their recruitment process.
It begs the question—could this behaviour be driven by employers? According to our survey, employers rarely mention Gen AI usage in their communications with candidates. Only 5% of all job changers said their future employers spoke to them about Gen AI during the recruitment process. And for the few who did hear about it during recruitment,, 35% were told not to use it.
The number of employers failing to communicate about AI in recruiting may contribute to candidates’ reluctance to discuss their Gen AI usage with employers due to an assumption that employers’ silence on the matter indicates that Gen AI use is inappropriate or unacceptable, and to reveal use of it would negatively impact their chances of getting an offer.
Gen AI Opportunities & Risks
Navigating this complex landscape effectively often requires specialized expertise and support. Working with a talent partner with deep assessment expertise can provide crucial advantages in maintaining recruitment integrity while achieving business objectives.
As leading providers of talent assessment solutions, PeopleScout’s Assessment Design & Delivery team offers a Gen AI Opportunity & Risk Assessment Audit to provide organizations with a comprehensive review of their recruitment processes, identifying both vulnerabilities and opportunities related to generative AI throughout the candidate journey. This independent audit, grounded in psychological expertise, stress-tests each assessment element within your specific recruitment context to determine how Gen AI might impact selection accuracy and diversity outcomes. The resulting evidence-based recommendations allow employers to strategically focus resources on critical vulnerability points while potentially leveraging beneficial AI uses, enabling informed decisions about whether to accept, prevent or adapt to candidates’ use of Gen AI tools based on your organizational values and objectives.
How Candidates Are Really Using Gen AI in Recruitment
Is generative AI (Gen AI) disrupting your recruitment process? Our exclusive research with YouGov unveils what’s actually happening right now—and the results might surprise you.
While headlines scream about AI taking over job applications, our fresh data shows the nuanced reality of how candidates in the UK are really using these tools in 2025.
In this comprehensive report, you’ll discover:
The true adoption rate of Gen AI by job seekers (spoiler: it’s not what most experts predicted)
Which specific recruiting touchpoints are most vulnerable to Gen AI impact
Unexpected findings about candidate attitudes toward disclosing Gen AI usage
Actionable strategies to protect assessment integrity without fighting technology
Don’t Base Critical Hiring Decisions on Outdated Information
As some organizations implement extreme measures like blanket AI bans, others are finding smarter, more sustainable approaches that embrace innovation while maintaining recruitment quality. Download the report now to get ahead of this rapidly evolving challenge and transform potential threats into competitive advantages for your recruitment strategy.
In today’s competitive talent landscape, your employer brand isn’t just nice to have—it’s essential for survival. Our comprehensive ebook delivers actionable strategies to revolutionize how candidates perceive your organization.
Why This Guide Matters to Your Organization:
82% of candidates research your reputation before applying
Companies with strong employer brands see a 43% decrease in cost-per-hire
Yet only 8% of HR leaders have dedicated employer branding budgets
What You’ll Discover:
Proven frameworks to align your employer brand with business objectives
Practical strategies to authentically showcase your culture across channels
Step-by-step approaches to measure and optimize your employer brand ROI
Real-world case studies from organizations that transformed their talent attraction
While your competition invests in employer branding, can you afford to fall behind? Download our guide today and build the magnetic employer brand your organization deserves.
With the research today’s candidates do before applying, a strong employer brand is no longer a nice-to-have—it’s essential. Your employer brand directly impacts your ability to attract and retain top talent, yet for many talent acquisition leaders, demonstrating the value of employer branding remains challenging.
How do you quantify something that often feels intangible? How do you translate employer brand sentiment into metrics that resonate with stakeholders outside HR?
The Employer Branding Paradox
Despite 80% of HR leaders believing employer branding significantly impacts their recruiting efforts, only 8% report having a dedicated budget for these initiatives. This disconnect highlights a fundamental challenge: without concrete metrics and benchmarks, employer branding can be relegated to a “nice-to-have” rather than recognized as the strategic driver of recruitment success that it truly is.
The reality is that today’s candidates approach job searches with consumer-like behavior. They research, compare and evaluate potential employers with unprecedented thoroughness.
Your employer brand is front and center whether you’re actively managing it or not.
From Gut Feel to Data-Driven Strategy
For too long, employer branding has relied on subjective assessments and anecdotal evidence. Leaders might know intuitively that their brand needs improvement, but without comparative data, it’s difficult to:
Identify specific areas requiring attention
Prioritize investments for maximum impact
Demonstrate ROI to key stakeholders
Track progress over time
Understand how you stack up against competitors
This is precisely why we’ve developed the Outthink Index—a proprietary benchmarking tool designed to transform employer branding strategy from an art to a science.
Introducing the Outthink Index by PeopleScout
The Outthink Index by PeopleScout provides comprehensive analysis across nine critical components of employer branding:
Search: Are your job openings easy to find in digital spaces?
Social Reach: What’s the breadth of your social media footprint? Are you achieving significant reach through interactions and engagement across audiences?
Social Authority: How much of the conversation does your brand own compared to competitors? How influential is your voice in the talent marketplace?
Social Impact: How effectively does your content engage your audience? Are you interacting with your talent audience on social media or just posting?
Values & Proposition: How clearly articulated and differentiated is your EVP? Are your values clear, authentic and evidenced?
Employee Experience: Can candidates get a clear understanding of what life is like within your organization?
Content: How compelling and relevant is your employer brand content? How authentically does it showcase your organization and your employees?
User Experience: How seamless and intuitive is your career site and application process?
Candidate Experience: How transparent, consistent and innovative is your recruitment process?
Built by our in-house talent advisory experts and leveraging data from hundreds of employer brands, the Outthink Index delivers actionable insights with just a few clicks.
Translating Insights to Action
One of the most valuable aspects of the Outthink Index is its comparative nature. While self-assessment can identify obvious gaps, true optimization comes from understanding how you measure against both industry benchmarks and specific competitors.
The real power of data-driven employer branding isn’t just in the metrics—it’s in what you do with them. The Outthink Index is designed to facilitate more productive conversations with stakeholders by providing concrete evidence of:
Current employer brand strengths and weaknesses
Competitive positioning within your industry
Specific improvement opportunities with the highest potential ROI
Progress tracking over time
The Outthink Index helps companies to transcend gut instincts and harness concrete insights to maximize their employer brand. It provides organizations with precise visibility into how their brand measures up against competitors, highlights specific enhancement opportunities, and ultimately strengthens their capacity to attract and retain exceptional talent.
Armed with these insights, talent leaders can make more strategic decisions about where to invest resources, how to refine messaging and which touchpoints in the candidate journey need the most attention.
The Future of Employer Branding is Data-Driven
Employer branding isn’t a one-time project but an ongoing strategic initiative. The Outthink Index provides both a snapshot of current performance and a framework for optimizing and measuring progress over time. By establishing clear benchmarks today, organizations can track the impact of their employer branding initiatives, demonstrate concrete ROI and continuously refine their approach.
As the competition for talent continues to intensify, organizations that take a data-driven approach to employer branding will gain a significant advantage. The Outthink Index by PeopleScout equips talent leaders with the tools they need to transform employer branding from an intangible concept to a measurable business driver.
Want to see how your employer brand stacks up? Explore the Outthink Index or contact us to receive your custom report.
Wates: Reconstructing Industry Perceptions Through Vibrant Employer Branding
PeopleScout helped Wates to attract and engage a wider range of candidates to the male-dominated construction industry through a vibrant and inclusive employer brand and assessment center.
7,918applications generated (30% from women)
343candidates assessed
1 /3of offers went to women despite being underrepresented in the industry
Situation
The construction industry’s image has remained virtually unchanged for years—dominated by hard-hats, high-vis, and steel beams rather than stories highlighting inclusion, innovation, collaboration or opportunity.
When Wates, a UK development, building and property maintenance company, needed to recruit 81 trainees across 21 roles and 28 locations, our priority was to stand out meaningfully in a crowded market. Despite its impressive 125-year legacy as an industry leader, Wates suffered from limited brand awareness.
Our objectives were clear:
Raise overall awareness of the Wates organization
Encourage a shift in industry perception
Attract a more diverse range of candidates
Solution
With these hard-to-fill roles distributed nationwide, we needed a targeted approach. Based on research, we developed four distinct audience personas that represented our target demographics, which then informed our channel strategy and creative approach.
Authentic Messaging
We crafted a new compelling, narrative that brought together everything Wates stands for:
Creating tomorrow together.
Headlines embodied Wates’ core values, speaking directly to the impact individuals would have on the company’s legacy while highlighting key benefits of joining the organization.
Distinctive Visual Identity
We developed bold, vibrant visuals that stood apart from industry norms. Our creative approach demonstrated how professional and personal lives intertwine, visually representing work-life balance and inclusivity. A dedicated photoshoot allowed us to not only capture images but also collect employee stories that inspired a bespoke set of illustrations.
Inclusive Assessment Process
We redesigned the video interview process to ensure accessibility for all candidates. While maintaining a standardized process to ensure fairness, each of the 21 roles required careful manual shortlisting based on performance metrics. With 343 candidates advancing to assessment, we conducted virtual assessment centers over three weeks, with each role getting a dedicated day.
Results
The campaign generated exceptional engagement:
518,000 impressions (40% from TikTok)
7,918 applications
2,022 candidates invited to video interview
343 candidates progressed to assessment centers
30% female representation at application stage, increasing to 34% at offer stage
117 offers extended
“We’re delighted with the quality of candidate applications and how much the collaborative work ethic stood out.”
– Annette, Wates
At a Glance
COMPANY Wates
INDUSTRY Building & Construction
PEOPLESCOUT SOLUTIONS Talent Advisory
ABOUT WATES The Wates Group was established in 1897 and is one of the leading privately-owned, construction, development and property services companies in the UK. They employ almost 6,000 people, working with a range of clients and partners from across the public and private sectors.
My children are about eight to nine years away from entering the world of work. As a parent, it’s both exciting and daunting to think about the future careers of my children. With rapid advancements in technology and shifts in the global economy, the job market of today will undoubtedly look very different in 10 years when my kids are entering the workforce.
While automation will displace many jobs, it will also create new jobs, generating significant benefits for businesses and economies by lifting productivity and economic growth. According to the World Economic Forum’s Future of Jobs Report 2025, by 2030, the creation of 170 million new jobs (14% of today’s employment), offset by the displacement of 92 million current jobs (8%), will result in net growth of 78 million jobs (7%).
For organisations with early careers programmes, understanding these shifts is crucial. The pipeline of emerging talent will need different skills, experiences and expectations than previous generations in order to have the capabilities necessary drive organisational success in the coming decades. Here are some key insights into how the changing job landscape will impact early careers programmes, the types of roles that will emerge and how to prepare the next generation of talent.
Jobs That Might Disappear
As technology continues to evolve, several traditional roles are projected to decline significantly:
Postal Workers: The rise of digital communication methods and automated sorting systems are already reducing the reliance on traditional postal services. The World Economic Forum identifies Postal Service Clerks among the fastest-declining roles in the job market.
Print Journalists: The decline of print media and the shift towards digital news consumption has led to fewer opportunities for print journalists, with many news outlets now digital-first or entirely online.
Community Banking: The increase in online banking, mobile banking apps and ATMs has reduced the need for in-person bank tellers. Bank Tellers are among the fastest-declining roles globally.
Travel Agents: Online travel booking platforms and AI-driven travel assistants are making traditional travel agent roles less common.
Taxi Drivers: The rise of ride-sharing apps like Uber and Lyft, combined with the development of autonomous vehicles, could significantly reduce the demand for traditional taxi drivers.
Telemarketers & Customer Service Reps: AI-driven customer service and sales platforms, along with stricter regulations on telemarketing, are reducing the need for human telemarketers and customer service workers, often a common first job for many young professionals.
Librarians: Digital libraries and online information resources are diminishing the need for traditional librarian roles, though there will still be a need for digital information specialists.
Factory and Assembly Line Workers: Robotics and advanced manufacturing technologies are increasingly handling tasks that once provided steady employment for those entering the workforce without higher education.
Data Entry Clerks: The World Economic Forum lists Data Entry Clerks among the jobs seeing the largest decline due to automation and AI advancements.
Retail Cashiers: The rise of e-commerce and self-service kiosks in retail stores are diminishing these roles, which have historically provided flexible employment for students and recent graduates.
Whilst some of these roles may not be considered ‘career roles’, they are an important step on the work ladder for early careers talent. Before I found my feet and whilst still deciding what I wanted to do, I had a number of temp roles doing data entry, customer service and telemarketing. Declining numbers in these roles that have historically served as steppingstones for early careers talent could have significant impact on early careers employees and employers.
Impact on Early Careers Programmes
The decline in these traditional entry-level roles presents significant challenges for early careers recruitment strategies:
Shrinking Entry Points: Many traditional entry-level positions for graduates and school leavers are disappearing. This means fewer natural entry points into organisations, requiring companies to create more structured early careers pathways.
Skills Gap Widening: As routine tasks become automated, the skills gap between education and employment is growing. Entry-level roles increasingly require more advanced technical skills and digital literacy from day one.
Higher Expectations for Early Talent: With fewer administrative or process-driven roles available, early careers talent is expected to add value more quickly, often needing to demonstrate complex problem-solving and critical thinking skills immediately.
Reimagining Work Experience: Companies must rethink work experience, internships and placement years to provide meaningful exposure to emerging technologies and future-focused skills that automation cannot easily replace.
Increased Competition: As traditional entry points decrease, competition for remaining early careers opportunities intensifies, making employer branding and candidate experience more critical than ever.
To address these challenges, early careers programmes must evolve. Talent acquisition leaders should consider creating rotational experiences that expose emerging talent to a variety of business functions, developing accelerated digital upskilling programmes, and establishing mentorship opportunities that help bridge the experience gap.
Jobs That Will Significantly Change for Early Careers Talent
According to McKinsey Global Institute, at least 30% of work activities that could be automated for about 60% of occupations. Rather than complete displacement, many entry-level and early career roles will undergo significant transformation.
JuniorHealthcare Professionals: The integration of telemedicine, AI diagnostics, and wearable health technology are changing how healthcare is delivered. Early careers talent will need to be comfortable with digital patient management systems and telehealth platforms from day one.
Teachers and Educators: The rise of online education, virtual classrooms, and AI-driven personalised learning experiences are transforming teaching. New educators will need to be proficient in digital tools and platforms, incorporating technology into their teaching methods and focusing on facilitating learning rather than just delivering knowledge.
Manufacturing and Production Workers: Technological advancements in AI, robotics, and automation will drive both job creation and decline, with manufacturing roles evolving to focus more on overseeing and maintaining automated systems. Early careers talent in this sector will need skills in robotics, programming and systems management rather than traditional manufacturing processes.
Financial Graduates: AI and advanced analytics will handle much of the data processing and routine analysis that junior finance professionals typically managed. Early careers talent will need to focus on interpreting data and providing strategic insights rather than data gathering. The World Economic Forum notes that Fintech Engineers are among the fastest-growing jobs in percentage terms, representing a shift in early financial careers.
Supply Chain Coordinators: With the rapid expansion of e-commerce, warehousing jobs have grown 61% in the last decade. At warehouses, depots, and logistics centres throughout the supply chain, there is a growing need for human workers with the skillsets necessary to manage a more complex, interconnected and tech-enabled supply chain.
These changes highlight the increasing importance of digital literacy, adaptability and continuous learning for early careers talent. The traditional learning curve for new graduates is getting steeper, with expectations to contribute meaningfully to technology-driven processes from the beginning of their careers.
Emerging Early Career Opportunities
Much as technologies of the past have done, automation will create new entry-level occupations that do not exist today. Here are some promising examples of future job opportunities for early careers talent:
AI and Machine Learning Specialists: According to the World Economic Forum, AI and Machine Learning Specialists are among the fastest-growing roles. Early careers talent looking to enter these professions need a strong background in computer science, programming, statistics and data analysis. Companies are increasingly creating graduate pathways specifically for these roles.
Cybersecurity Analysts: The World Economic Forum ranks networks and cybersecurity among the top three fastest-growing skills. Entry-level roles in this field are expanding as organisations build security teams to protect expanding digital infrastructure. Early careers talent should focus on network security, ethical hacking, risk management and security compliance.
Sustainability and Environmental Specialists: With 47% of employers expecting climate-change mitigation to transform their business in the next five years, organisations are creating early careers paths in sustainability. Entry-level roles supporting renewable energy engineers and environmental specialists represent growing opportunities for graduates with relevant knowledge.
Data Analysts and Data Scientists: Big Data Specialists are among the fastest-growing jobs in percentage terms. Early careers programmes in this area are expanding rapidly, seeking talent with skills in data mining, statistical analysis, programming and data visualisation.
Remote Work Support Specialists: According to the World Economic Forum, 83% of employers plan to provide more opportunities to work remotely, creating significant demand for professionals who can support distributed workforces. These roles represent new entry points for early careers talent with strong organisational skills and digital communication tools proficiency.
Health and Wellness Coaches: Supporting employee health and well-being is becoming a strategic priority, with 64% of employers identifying it as key for talent attraction. Early careers talent with knowledge in nutrition, fitness, mental health awareness and coaching may find entry-level opportunities across sectors.
Robotics Engineers: With 58% of employers expecting robotics to transform their business by 2030, early careers pathways are emerging for talent with skills in mechanical engineering, electronics, and programming. Graduate schemes specifically focused on automation and robotics are becoming more common.
Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) Developers: LinkedIn data shows Game Designers and Game Developers grew by 58% and 40% respectively as the UK games sector hit record size during the pandemic. New entry-level positions for those with skills in 3D modelling, design and user experience are emerging. These roles often don’t require extensive experience, making them accessible to recent graduates.
Sustainable Agriculture Technicians: The focus on climate change adaptation is driving innovation in food production systems, creating entry-level roles in agricultural technology. These positions offer opportunities for graduates interested in agricultural science, hydroponics, and sustainable practices.
Blockchain Developers: Financial institutions and technology companies are developing entry-level pathways for those with knowledge of blockchain technologies. Early understanding of cryptography, programming, and distributed ledger technology can position graduates for these emerging roles.
Drone Operators and Technicians: Industries from construction to energy are creating new positions to support drone operations, data collection and analysis. These roles provide early career opportunities in a growing field without requiring extensive experience.
Genomic Counsellors: The growth in healthcare specialisations will continue to evolve as healthcare becomes more technology driven. Genetics, biology, and ethics will be areas of entry for early careers talent.
For early careers programmes, these emerging roles represent opportunities to create specialised graduate pathways that attract top talent in competitive fields. Talent acquisition leaders should consider developing targeted recruitment campaigns that highlight these future-focused opportunities to differentiate their employer brand.
Essential Skills for Early Careers Success
As occupations evolve alongside increasingly capable machines, early careers talent will need to develop a range of skills that may not be emphasised in traditional education. For talent acquisition leaders, understanding these skills is crucial for designing effective assessment and development programmes:
Digital Literacy: Beyond basic computer skills, early careers talent needs a strong understanding of digital tools, platforms, and concepts. The WEF report identifies AI and big data as the top fastest-growing skills, followed by networks and cybersecurity. Early careers programmes should incorporate digital assessments and training from day one.
Critical Thinking and Problem-Solving: With routine tasks automated, analytical thinking remains the most sought-after core skill among employers, with seven out of 10 companies considering it essential. Assessment centres and selection processes should prioritise these capabilities over technical knowledge that can be taught.
Adaptability and Lifelong Learning: The WEF report highlights that workers can expect 39% of their existing skill sets to become outdated by 2030. Early careers talent with demonstrated learning agility and curiosity will be better positioned to evolve with their roles. Graduate programmes should emphasise continuous development rather than fixed skill sets.
Emotional Intelligence: As automation increases, uniquely human skills such as empathy, communication, and teamwork become more valuable. The WEF identifies resilience, flexibility, and leadership as among the most sought-after core skills. Early careers development should focus on these interpersonal capabilities alongside technical training.
Environmental Awareness: Understanding sustainability issues is increasingly important across sectors. Environmental stewardship has entered the list of top 10 fastest-growing skills for the first time, driven by climate-change mitigation trends. Early careers programmes should incorporate sustainability awareness regardless of function.
For talent acquisition leaders, these skill requirements necessitate a shift in assessment approaches. Moving away from traditional competency frameworks toward evaluating learning potential, adaptability, and critical thinking will be essential for identifying successful early careers talent.
STEM Subjects: Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics subjects provide the foundation for many future roles. Early careers programmes should consider developing partnerships with universities to influence curriculum design and create clear pathways from STEM degrees into organisations.
Interdisciplinary Approaches: LinkedIn data shows high demand for roles requiring a mix of technical and human skills. Graduate schemes that rotate early careers talent through both technical and commercial functions can develop this valuable blend of capabilities.
Environmental Focus: With sustainability becoming business-critical, early careers programmes should incorporate green skills development regardless of function. This could include sustainability projects, environmental impact assessments, or dedicated learning modules.
Ethics Understanding: As technology raises complex questions, early careers talent needs to understand ethical implications of business decisions. Development programmes should include ethical case studies and discussions, particularly for those working with advanced technologies.
Accelerated Digital Upskilling: Rather than assuming tech and digital skills will develop over time, organisations should front-load technical training in early careers programmes to enable faster productivity and contribution.
For talent acquisition leaders, this means reimagining traditional graduate development approaches. Annual intake models may give way to more frequent, specialised recruitment aligned to emerging skill needs. Development pathways will need to become more personalised, with greater emphasis on continuous learning rather than prescribed programmes.
Preparing Emerging Talent for the Future
The landscape for early careers talent is changing dramatically. Traditional entry-level roles are disappearing or transforming, while entirely new career paths are emerging. For talent acquisition leaders, this presents both challenges and opportunities to reimagine how organisations attract, develop and retain emerging talent.
Success in this evolving environment requires a fundamental shift in approach—moving from standardised graduate programmes toward more agile, personalised development journeys that emphasise continuous learning and adaptability. Organisations that create clear pathways into emerging fields, develop innovative assessment approaches, and build strong educational partnerships will gain significant competitive advantage in the talent market.
For the next generation entering the workforce, including our children, these changes promise exciting opportunities to build careers that may look very different from those that came before—careers that may not even exist yet. Our role as talent acquisition leaders is to help them navigate this uncertainty, providing early careers programmes that prepare both emerging talent and our organisations for a rapidly changing future.
When it comes to advising my kids on their future and the subjects they want to follow, it’s not straightforward. But as my Auntie once told me, you’ll be surprised just how much you will learn from your children. Kids are curious, and they aren’t stuck in historical thinking and norms. Our job is to guide them and encourage them to stay curious as we watch the world change!
As part of our suite of modular recruiting solutions, Amplifiers™, PeopleScoutʼs Organizational Culture and EVP Diagnostic provides an objective, expert assessment of your companyʼs culture, leadership dynamics and internal communications. Our in-depth analysis uncovers strengths, gaps and opportunities, delivering a custom, actionable roadmap to enhance engagement, improve alignment and attract the right talent for your future business needs.
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In the United Kingdom, social mobility has gained more attention in recent years, particularly in relation to early career opportunities and their impact on an individual’s life trajectory. Social mobility refers to the movement of individuals or groups between different socio-economic positions within society—either upward (improving one’s social status) or downward. The impact that early career choices can have on social mobility cannot be overstated. The decisions made in the formative years of one’s professional life often set the stage for future opportunities, earning potential and overall quality of life.
Currently, the state of social mobility in the UK presents a complex picture. While progress has been made in some areas, significant challenges remain. The article explores the social mobility landscape and offers ways your early careers recruitment program can make a difference.
Historical Context of Social Mobility & Work
To understand the current state of social mobility in the UK, it’s essential to consider the historical context of social class in the country. Traditionally, British society was stratified, with divisions between the working class, middle class and upper class, which often determined an individual’s life chances from birth.
Over the past century, however, there has been a gradual evolution in social mobility. The post-World War II era saw significant changes, with the establishment of the welfare state, expansion of educational opportunities, and changes in the labour market contributing to increased social mobility. The 1950s and 1960s, in particular, are often referred to as the “golden age” of social mobility in the UK.
Key policies and reforms have played a crucial role in shaping social mobility. The Education Act of 1944, which introduced free secondary education for all, was a landmark policy. The expansion of higher education in the 1960s and 1970s, including the establishment of new universities, also opened up opportunities for many. More recently, initiatives such as the introduction of the National Minimum Wage in 1999 and the Equality Act 2010 have aimed to reduce economic disparities and discrimination.
Current Challenges for Social Mobility in Early Careers
Despite progress, significant challenges remain in achieving social mobility, particularly for early careers talent. These challenges can be broadly categorized into three main areas: education disparities, employment opportunities, and socioeconomic factors.
Education Disparities
Access to quality primary and secondary education remains uneven across the UK, creating a foundation for career inequalities that can persist throughout an individual’s life. Schools in disadvantaged areas often struggle with limited resources and difficulties in recruiting and retaining experienced teachers. This creates a challenging environment where students from working-class backgrounds must overcome significant obstacles to compete with their more privileged peers.
While overall university participation has increased in recent decades, students from disadvantaged backgrounds continue to face significant barriers in accessing higher education, particularly at elite institutions. Those who do secure places at universities often face additional challenges that their more privileged peers may not encounter, including financial pressures, lack of academic support networks and the need to balance studies with part-time work. These factors contribute not only to lower completion rates but also to reduced opportunities for networking, internships and extra-curricular activities that are often crucial for early career success.
Moreover, those who do attend are more likely to drop out before completing their degrees. Recent data from the Office for Students highlights that students from the most deprived backgrounds are significantly less likely to complete their university courses, with only 82% finishing their studies compared to 92% of students from the most advantaged groups. This 10-percentage point gap represents thousands of talented individuals whose potential remains unfulfilled.
The compounding effect of these educational disparities creates a concerning pipeline problem for social mobility in early careers. When students from working-class backgrounds face barriers at each stage of their educational journey, their ability to compete for prestigious graduate schemes and career advancement opportunities is significantly compromised. This perpetuates existing social inequalities and limits the diversity of talent that organizations can access.
Employment Opportunities
The transition from education to employment represents a critical juncture where social mobility often stalls, particularly in the realm of internships and entry-level positions. Recent research by the Sutton Trust reveals a troubling picture of how internships—increasingly essential for launching successful careers—have become a mechanism that reinforces rather than reduces social inequality.
Thirty-one percent of new graduates secured full-time employment through internship experience. However, access to these crucial opportunities remains heavily skewed by social class. The data shows a stark disparity: while 55% of middle-class graduates complete internships, only 36% of their working-class peers do the same. More concerning still, this gap has widened from 12 to 19 percentage points since 2018, indicating that the problem is getting worse, not better.
The financial barriers to accessing internships are substantial. The research reveals that 61% of internships offer inadequate compensation with 23% paying less than minimum wage and 21% entirely unpaid. This creates an obvious barrier for those from less privileged backgrounds. The impact is clear in the finding that 40% of unpaid interns rely on parental financial support—up significantly from 26 percent in 2018—effectively excluding those whose families cannot afford to subsidize their early career development.
The problem is compounded by how these opportunities are distributed. Internships are almost twice as likely to be secured through family and friends who work within an organization compared to through advertised positions. This “hidden job market” creates a double disadvantage for working-class graduates: not only are they less likely to be able to afford unpaid or low-paid internships, but they are also less likely to have the social connections necessary to access these opportunities in the first place.
Socioeconomic Factors
The interplay between educational disparities and employment barriers reveals a deeper structural challenge: how socioeconomic advantages create self-reinforcing cycles that perpetuate inequality across generations. This system of inherited privilege manifests in both obvious and subtle ways, creating what many now refer to as the “nepo baby” phenomenon—where family connections and inherited social capital play an outsized role in career advancement.
Those from privileged backgrounds often have access to “social capital”—a network of relationships that can provide insider knowledge about opportunities, make introductions to hiring managers and offer informal mentoring. This can be as valuable as formal qualifications, creating a parallel pathway to success that remains inaccessible to those outside these networks.
This advantage is compounded by the rising cost of living, particularly in major urban centres where higher paying career opportunities are concentrated. Those from wealthy families can afford to take unpaid internships, pursue additional qualifications, take career risks, and build professional networks through expensive social activities and events.
Meanwhile, those from working-class backgrounds face financial constraints that force them to prioritise immediate income over long-term career development. The rising cost of living, coupled with stagnant wages in many sectors, makes it increasingly difficult to save money or invest in further education and training that could enhance their career prospects.
The impact of these socioeconomic factors extends beyond individual careers to shape entire organizational cultures. When leadership positions are disproportionately filled by those from privileged backgrounds, it can create blind spots in understanding the barriers faced by others and perpetuate hiring and promotion practices that favour candidates with similar backgrounds.
Recruitment Best Practices to Improve Social Mobility in Early Careers
To effectively promote social mobility in early careers, organizations need to implement fair and inclusive recruitment practices, particularly during the critical assessment centre stage. The following best practices can significantly improve fairness and support for candidates from diverse backgrounds, helping to break down the systemic barriers identified earlier in this article.
Contextual Recruitment
Academic achievements and experience must be evaluated within the context of a candidate’s circumstances in order to achieve a fair assessment. Contextual recruitment are practices that acknowledge and accommodate the limiting and complex factors influencing applicants from deprived circumstances.
Tactics to consider:
Contextualized Applications: Implement systems that consider candidates’ achievements in the context of their background. For example, an applicant who achieved ABB at A-level while attending a low-performing school and facing socioeconomic challenges might be considered equivalent to a candidate with AAA from a high-performing school in an affluent area.
Diverse Shortlisting: Review shortlists for interviews and assessment centres to ensure they include a balanced representation of candidates from various socioeconomic backgrounds.
Inclusive Assessment Design
Traditional assessment methods can inadvertently favour candidates from privileged backgrounds who have had more exposure to professional environments, support from education and practice, and guidance on formalised testing. A well-designed assessment evaluates capability and potential through multiple lenses, giving all candidates the opportunity to demonstrate their capabilities.
Tactics to consider:
Accurate and Updated Assessment Criteria: The assessment criteria against which candidates are evaluated often contain implicit and invisible class-based definitions of what good looks like. This can effectively disadvantage candidates from lower socioeconomic backgrounds throughout the assessment process and reduce hiring diversity. Reviewing the criteria for these risk factors and updating them is an important first step in increasing diverse socioeconomic inclusion.
Varied Assessment Methods: Use a mix of assessment techniques (e.g., interviews, group exercises, situational judgement tests) to allow candidates different opportunities to showcase their abilities.
Skills-Based Assessments: Focus on assessing skills and potential rather than prior experience or knowledge that may be more influenced by socioeconomic factors.
Blind Evaluations: Where possible, use blind evaluation techniques to reduce unconscious bias. For example, remove names and educational institutions from written assessments.
Constructive Feedback: Offer detailed, constructive feedback to all candidates, regardless of outcome. This can be particularly valuable for candidates from disadvantaged backgrounds who may have had fewer opportunities for professional development.
Preparation and Support
Many talented candidates from disadvantaged backgrounds may be unfamiliar with corporate recruitment processes or lack the resources to prepare effectively. You can level the playing field by providing comprehensive support before the assessment.
Tactics to consider:
Pre-Assessment Information: Provide detailed information about the assessment process in advance, including what to expect, how to prepare and what will be assessed. This helps level the playing field for candidates who may not have access to insider knowledge or coaching. Include guidance on how candidates should and shouldn’t use Gen AI tools in their preparation to ensure candidates from all socioeconomic backgrounds take the opportunity to use them to prepare.
Practice Materials: Offer free, accessible practice materials and sample assessments to all candidates. These provide proportionately more benefit to those who have had limited access to resources already by virtue of their deprived educational or social background.
Travel and Accommodation Support: For in-person assessment centres, offering support with travel costs can ensure financial constraints don’t prevent talented candidates from attending.
Assessor Training and Diversity
The quality and composition of assessment panels significantly impact the fairness of recruitment processes. Well-trained, diverse panels are better equipped to recognize potential across different backgrounds and experiences.
Tactics to consider:
Unconscious Bias Training: Provide comprehensive unconscious bias training to all assessors involved in the recruitment process.
Diverse Assessment Panels: Ensure assessment panels are diverse in terms of gender, ethnicity and socioeconomic background to bring a range of perspectives to the evaluation process.
Structured Interviews: Use structured interview techniques with pre-determined questions and scoring criteria to ensure consistency in scoring methodologies and reduce potential bias.
Feedback and Continuous Improvement
Creating a fair recruitment process requires ongoing evaluation and refinement. Organizations should establish robust feedback mechanisms to understand what works and what needs improvement.
Tactics to consider:
Data Analysis: Regularly analyse recruitment data to identify any patterns of bias or areas where candidates from certain backgrounds may be disproportionately disadvantaged.
Candidate Surveys: Conduct anonymous surveys with candidates to gather feedback on the assessment process and identify areas for improvement.
Onboarding Support
Supporting candidates through their transition into the workplace is crucial for long-term success and retention, particularly for those from underrepresented backgrounds.
Tactics to consider:
Mentoring Programs: Offer mentoring programs to new early career hires, particularly those from underrepresented backgrounds, to support their transition into the workplace.
Skills Development: Provide additional skills training or support for candidates who show potential but may need to develop specific skills to succeed in the role.
Conclusion
While social mobility in the UK continues to face significant challenges, particularly in the realm of early careers, there are promising developments. Early careers recruitment practices play a crucial role in either perpetuating or breaking down barriers to social mobility. Progressive recruitment strategies can help level the playing field and provide opportunities for talented individuals regardless of their background.
By implementing these best practices, you can not only promote social mobility in early careers but also help your organization identify and nurture talent from a wider pool of candidates, benefiting both the individuals and the organization.
